To efficiently treat wastewater, Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) use a variety of technologies, including Membrane Bioreactors (MBR), Sequential Batch Reactors (SBR), and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR). SBR treats sewage in batches, going through filling, aeration, settling, and decanting phases in order. High-quality effluent is produced by MBR's use of membrane filtration to separate particles from liquid. Suspended biofilm carriers are used in MBBR to encourage biological treatment, improving the removal of contaminants and organic debris. By effectively removing pollutants, pathogens, and toxins from wastewater, these technologies support both public health and environmental protection.