Large-surface-area plastic media is used in the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), a biological wastewater treatment method, to promote microbial growth. These microbes decompose contaminants and organic materials found in wastewater. Birm Media is a granular filter medium that is mostly used in oxidation and filtering procedures to remove iron and manganese from water. A porous substance called resin is frequently used in ion exchange procedures to extract dissolved ions from water, including heavy metals, calcium, and magnesium. Anthracite is a hard, dense coal-based medium that is frequently used in multi-media filtration systems to cleanse water by removing turbidity and suspended particulates.